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Electrical Engineering • Virtual Laboratory

Renewable Energy Sources & Battery Energy Storage in Microgrid

Simulation-based study of photovoltaic generation, wind energy, battery energy storage, utility-grid interaction and energy-management operation of a hybrid AC microgrid.

Microgrid Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition

SYSTEM READY
AC Bus Voltage
400.0 V
Frequency
50.00 Hz
Renewable Power
0.0 kW
Load Power
0.0 kW

Microgrid Single-Line Diagram

NORMAL OPERATION
HYBRID RENEWABLE AC MICROGRID Photovoltaic + Wind + Battery Energy Storage + Utility Grid 400 V AC MICROGRID MAIN BUS SOLAR PV ARRAY 0.0 kW MPPT / DC-DC Maximum Power Point Tracking Converter η = 96 % WIND TURBINE 0.0 kW WIND CONVERTER AC/DC + Variable Speed Power Electronic Interface η = 95 % BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE 55 % Bidirectional ESS BIDIRECTIONAL PCS Power Conversion System DC ↔ AC η = 94 % UTILITY GRID 11 kV / 400 V equivalent IMPORT / EXPORT 0.0 kW ELECTRICAL LOAD Residential / Industrial 0.0 kW Ppv Pwind Pbat Pgrid Pload BUS V 400 V FREQUENCY 50 Hz RENEWABLE 0 kW Solar Wind Battery Grid Load

Simulation & Energy Management Controls

24-HOUR TIME DOMAIN

Battery Energy Storage System

STANDBY
55%

State of Charge

Stored Energy
82.5 kWh
Battery Power
0.0 kW

Calculated Energy Performance

PV Energy
0
Wind Energy
0
Load Energy
0
Renewable Energy
0
Grid Import
0
Grid Export
0
Renewable Penetration
0%
Self Sufficiency
0%

Mathematical Model & Calculations

Solar PV Power

P PV = P PV,rated × G × η PV

Wind Turbine Power

P wind = P rated × ( v − v ci v r − v ci ) 3

Battery Energy Balance

E t + 1 = E t + P ch η c Δ t − P dis η d Δ t

Microgrid Power Balance

PPV + Pwind + Pbat + Pgrid = Pload
Sign convention: Positive battery power represents discharge. Negative battery power represents charging. Positive grid power represents utility import. Negative grid power represents utility export.

Publication-Style Simulation Graphs

24-HOUR RESULTS

Renewable Generation vs Load

Battery State of Charge

Solar Irradiance & Wind Resource

Utility Grid Exchange

Live Operating Point

00:00
PV
0.0 kW
Wind
0.0 kW
Load
0.0 kW
Grid
0.0 kW
Simulation ready.

24-Hour Numerical Observation Table

Time Irradiance (%) Wind (m/s) PV (kW) Wind (kW) Load (kW) Battery (kW) SOC (%) Grid (kW)

Microgrid Fault & Contingency Study

EDUCATIONAL MODEL
No faults applied.

Virtual Laboratory Procedure

  1. Set the installed PV and wind generation capacities.
  2. Select battery energy capacity and initial SOC.
  3. Set the battery charge/discharge power limit.
  4. Select battery charge and discharge efficiencies.
  5. Set the average electrical load.
  6. Select the desired energy-management strategy.
  7. Run the 24-hour simulation.
  8. Observe renewable generation, load demand and battery SOC.
  9. Observe grid import/export during power deficit or surplus.
  10. Apply PV, wind, battery or grid contingencies.
  11. Compare renewable penetration and load self-sufficiency.

Automatic Result Interpretation

Run the simulation to generate the calculated engineering interpretation.

Conclusion

The virtual laboratory demonstrates the coordinated operation of solar photovoltaic generation, wind generation, battery energy storage and utility grid support in a hybrid microgrid.

The battery energy storage system absorbs renewable-energy surplus during high-generation periods and supplies part of the load during renewable-energy deficits. The utility grid compensates for any remaining power imbalance when the battery reaches its operating limits.

The simulation enables investigation of renewable penetration, battery sizing, state-of-charge management, grid dependence, renewable curtailment, energy exchange and contingency operation.